Explainer
Skip or deselect a test in pytest
Use pytest skip and skipif markers, distinguish expected failures from skipped tests, and temporarily exclude a test by its node ID.
Explainer
Reduce requests and urllib3 log noise in Python
Set requests and urllib3 logger thresholds, understand inherited levels and propagation, and keep useful HTTP warnings visible without hiding application exceptions.
Explainer
Control logging output during Python tests
Separate suppressing log records from hiding pytest output, restore logging state after tests, and keep caplog assertions meaningful.
Explainer
Disable HTTP access logs in Python web applications
Control access logs in Flask, Django, Uvicorn, and Gunicorn while retaining the error records you need to investigate failures.
Technical guide
Discard unstaged changes in Git
Restore tracked files from the index while keeping staged edits, preview untracked cleanup, or stash changes you may want to recover later.
Technical guide
Export a Git snapshot without the .git directory
Use git archive to export a commit or subdirectory as ZIP or tar, apply export-ignore rules, and avoid packaging the wrong working-tree contents.
Technical guide
Download a single directory from GitHub
Use partial clone with sparse checkout to work with one directory, or extract it from an archive when you do not need Git history.
Explainer
Increase the upload size limit in Nginx
Set client_max_body_size for the right endpoint, allow multipart overhead, and test Nginx and application limits together.
Explainer
Run an external program or command from Python
Use subprocess.run to pass arguments, capture output, check failures, set timeouts, and redirect command output without unnecessary shell parsing.
Explainer
Deactivate a Python virtual environment
Leave an activated Python environment, reactivate it on your platform, and check which interpreter a terminal or process is actually using.
Explainer
Extract a file extension in Python
Use os.path.splitext or pathlib suffix properties to handle ordinary extensions, dotfiles, and compound filenames without fragile string searches.
Technical guide
Fetch all branches in Git
Fetch remote-tracking branches from one or more remotes, fix a single-branch refspec, and understand what --all and --prune actually update.