Technical guide
Find slow tests with pytest durations
Measure setup, call, and teardown separately, then improve the expensive work without weakening isolation or confusing parallel throughput with individual latency.
Explainer
Profile a Python script with cProfile
Find expensive functions with cProfile, sort saved statistics with pstats, and choose line profiling or timeit for more focused analysis.
Technical guide
Force-push a Git branch with an explicit lease
Publish rewritten history with a scoped force-with-lease check, inspect the expected remote tip, and understand what a lease does not protect.
Technical guide
Clean up stale Git remote-tracking branches
Prune obsolete remote-tracking refs, inspect local branches whose upstream is gone, and delete only history you have verified is no longer needed.
Technical guide
Place a Matplotlib legend outside the plot
Position a legend to the right or below a plot with bbox_to_anchor, and prevent clipping when displaying or saving the figure.
Explainer
Raise and re-raise exceptions in Python
Choose appropriate Python exception types, preserve causes with raise from, and re-raise failures without relying on assertions for input validation.
Technical guide
Read environment variables in Node.js
Load and validate environment variables, use .env files deliberately, and keep credentials out of logs and browser bundles.
Technical guide
Read a package version from Node.js code
Read your package metadata with CommonJS or ESM, account for deployment paths, and inject the version at build time when appropriate.
Technical guide
Rebase a local branch onto the latest remote main
Fetch the target branch, replay your feature commits, resolve conflicts, and publish rewritten history with an explicit understanding of the remote state.
Technical guide
Bring detached HEAD work back onto a Git branch
Save detached commits with a branch, integrate them into the intended target, and distinguish committed recovery from uncommitted work.
Explainer
Send a Postfix domain catch-all to one mailbox
Use a domain-scoped virtual alias map, keep the destination outside the catch-all, and verify routing without creating loops or unintended forwarding.
Explainer
Redirect one domain to another with Nginx
Preserve paths and query strings in a domain redirect, rewrite changed paths, and retain valid TLS on the old hostname.